Calculating machine



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United States Patent O `CALCULATING MACHINE L ouis M. Llorens, Long Island City, N Y.

Application July 29, 1950, Serial No. 176,741 26 Claims. (ci. 23S-60.28)

This invention relates to calculating apparatus and more particularly to machines adapted to perform a plurality of mathematical operations and including printing and visual totalizing mechanisms.

One of the objects of the present invention is to provide novel. apparatus for making mathematical compu- Another object is to provide novel means in calculating apparatus for printing or listing the iigures entered into the computing mechanism, said means being associated and combined in anovel manner with the totalizing or accumulating mechanism.

Still another object is to provide novel andv simplified means for operating and automatically controlling the operation of machines of the above character whereby the possibilities of error or damage to the machine as a result of improper or injudicious operation or handling are minimized.

A still further object is to provide calculating appa` ratus embodying novel construction whereby direct subtraction of numbers is mechanically accomplished.

Another object is to provide a novelly constructed computing machine which will perform more mathematical operations mechanically and with less of the personal equation than any known machine of comparable sizeand simplicity.

Another object is to provide calculating apparatus embodying a novelly constructed printing device of the hammer-blow variety, the type bars thereof being actuated and controlled in a novel manner, and said apparatus also embodying novel means for rendering said printing device ineffective without otherwise interfering with the normal functioning of the apparatus.

It is another object of this invention to provide a novel-V ly constructed keyboard unit fora calculating machine whichy may be novelly combined with the otherY operating parts of the structure so as to be readily removable without the necessity for disconnecting any operating parts or affecting the operability of the machine.

It is also an important object of the invention to provide novelly constructed totalizing means and novel means for operating and controlling the same, including novel 'simplified means for effecting a carry-over operation.

The above and further objects and novel Afeatures of the present invention will more fully appear from the following detail description when the same is read in connectionk with the `accompanying drawings. It is lto be 2,918,212 Patented Dec. 2.2, 1959 ICC . 2l expressly understood, however, that the drawingsare for the purpose of illustration only and are not intended as a definition of the limitsof the invention.

In the drawings, wherein like reference characters refer to' like parts throughout the several views,

Fig. l is a top planjview of acalculating machinev constructed in accordance withthe present invention, the outer casing and the keyboard being removed and certain of the parts having portions thereof broken away for purposes of clearer illustration;

Fig. 2 is a vertical longitudinal or sidesection'al view substantially on the line 2 2 of Fig. l; Y

Fig. 3 is a vertical longitudinal sectional view substantially on the line 3-3 of Fig. l, with the stop-pin carriage omitted; l

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary vertical transverse sectional view substantially on the line 4-4 ofFig. 2; Fig. 5 is' ay fragmentary detail side elevation view', partly in section, showing the locking comb' for the printing quadrant actuating ra'c'k in locking position, portions of the associated totalizer actuating sliderack beingi broken away forpurposes ofclear'er illustration;

Fig. `6 is a vertical longitudinal sectional view subiA st antially on the line 6-6 of Fig., l; v

Figs. 7, 8 and,9 are detail side elet/,ation views,` partly in section, ofthe handle operatedsectorrin. differentpo.- sitions; t Y "i Fig. l0 is a fragmentary side elevation'view, partly in section, showing the totaliz'er and vactuating mechanism therefor in position for effecting a totalizing operation; Fig. 11 `is avertical longitudinal sectional view, taken substantially on the line 11.411 of, Fig.l l; v v Fig.- 12 is a verticallongitudinal sectional view substantiallyk on the line 12,-12,of Fig. l; Fig. 13 is an enlargeddetail end elevation view, partly in section, of the stop-pin carriage; Y

Fig. 14 is a detail side elevational view vofone of :the stop-pin holding springsl shownain end elevation in Fig. 13; Fig.,15fs a detail end elevational view, partly .ri nsecY tion, of the stop-pin carriage escapement mechanism;

Fig. l6 is a Vvertical longitudinal or. side sectional. view Substantially on the,lin e"f 1:6 f-`16,of Fig, l;

Fig. 17 is a vertical longitudina1'-sec`tional viewtaken substantially onwthe -lineg17A-17 vo f Fig.l l;

Fig. 1'8 4is a detail .top plan veiw of a4 portion of the totalizer unit with the cover therefor removedjfor purposes of clearer illustration;

Fig.19 is anV enlarged detail end elevationalview,` partly 1n section, showing a number ofthe type-quadrant locking members in assembled relation;

Figs. 20 and 2l are. enlarged top plan and side elevational views, respectively, of `rone. of said'type-quadrant locking members; Y Fig. 22 is a de tail top plan View of thefkeyboarwd unit with the key buttons omitted and` a portion of the ytop plate thereof broken awayvfolr `purposes of clearer illus-` tration; ,L y. i u i Fig. 23 is. a front elevation Iview of A said keyboardiunit;

looking from the bottom'ofEig. 22, and showingparts of thegstop-,pinkcarriage andl.escapemcnt mechanism-in dotted lines; 1 Fig. 24 is a vertical transverse space r mechanism;

Fig. 25 is a sid@ eier/,antilla view, partly in sec'gitsmsof said keyboard unit looking from vthe leftin Figzfl 22"andcontrolled byA the non-printsand Fig. 27 is adetail side elevational view, partly sec-;l

Asectional View on thevv` f line 24-24 of Fig. 22, andshowing particularlythe backtion, showing the division key depressed with associated parts; 4

Fig. 28 is a detail side elevational view, partly in section, showing` the subtraction keydepressed with associated parts;

Fig. 29 is a side -elevational view, partly in section, of the keyboard looking from the right in Fig. Y22, 4the key lock slide being shown in position to permit depression of the total or sub-total keys;

Fig..30 is a vertical longitudinal sectional view substantially on the line 30-30 of Fig. 22 showing the keylock slide in normal position to prevent depression of the total and sub-total keys; L

Fig. 3l is a vertical longitudinal or side sectional view substantially on the. line 31-31 of Fig.22, the symbolselector slide and elements associated therewith being shown in normal positions;

Fig. 32 is a view similar to'Fig. 31, but showing the position of the parts when printing a total;

Fig. 33 is a view similar to'Fig. 31, but showing the position of the parts when printing a sub-total;

Fig. 34 is a detail side elevational view, partly in section, showing the repeat key 'depressed and the elements actuated thereby; i

Fig. 35 is a detail side elevational view, partly in section, showing the total key depressed and locked, and some of the elements actuated thereby;

Fig. 36 is a detail side elevational view, partly in section, showing the sub-total key depressed and locked, and some of the elements actuated thereby;

Fig. 37 is a detail side elevational view, partly in section, showing the non-add key depressed and locked, and some of the elements actuated thereby;

Fig. 38 is a view similar to Fig. 31, but showing the symbol-selector slide and associated elements in position for a nonadd operation;

Fig. 39 is a detail side elevational view, partly in section, showing the symbol controlling mechanism and the inked ribbon lifting mechanism, said mechanisms being shown in position for effecting a subtraction operation; Fig. 40 is a fragmentary side elevational view, partly in section, showing the totalizer and actuating mechanism therefor in the positions occupied when printing a total;

Fig. 41 is a view similar to Fig. 40, but showing the totalizer and actuating mechanism in the positions occupied when printing a sub-total;

Fig. 42 is a detail side elevational view, partly in section, showing particularly the carry-over mechanism in position for effecting a carry-over; l

Fig. 43 is a fragmentary front elevational view of the carry-over mechanism, viewed from the left in Fig. 42;

Fig. 44 is a fragmentary side elevational view, partly in section, showing the totalizer and slide rack gear frame unit in raised or subtraction position;

Fig. 45 is a fragmentary vertical transverse sectional View, looking from the right in Figs. 12 and 17, showing the` mechanism for controlling the raising of the rack gearframe unit of Fig. 44, the section being taken approximately on line 45-45-.of Fig. 17;

vFig. 46 is a side elevational view of the paper and ribbon feed'unit or printing platen assembly;

Fig. 47 is a vertical side sectional view of the unit shown in Fig. 46, the section being taken substantially on line 47-47 of Fig. 51;

Fig. 48 is a detail side elevational view, partly in sec tion, ofa portion of the ribbon feed mechanism;

Fig. 49 is a fragmentary front elevational view of said unit, on ya reduced scale, as viewed from the left in Figs.

46 and 47; and

Figs. 50 and 51 are complementary Arear elevational views, partlyv in section and with the paper supply roll removed, Fig. 50 showing elements illustrated in Fig. 46 and Fig. 51 showing elements illustratedV in Fig. 47.

The single embodiment of the invention'illustrated in the accompanying drawings, by wayf of example, is in the form of a manually-operable, readily-portable calculating machine of the so-called ten key type. The machine is capable of effecting direct mechanical addition and subtraction and may be used to readily effect multiplication and division. Means are provided for listing or printing the gures set into the machine as well as identifying marks for indicating the results and the nature of the computations, the printing mechanism being of the so-called harnrner-blow type. The' illustrated machine also embodies visual totalization or accumulation.

inA the form shown, the basic frame or support for the operating parts of the machine comprises a base to which a plurality of upright longitudinally extending frame members or plates are secured in any suitable known manner (Fig. l). Two outside frame members 61 and 62 serve as supports for various operating and stationary parts. Two inside frame members 63 and 64 serve as supports and are cut away and perforated" wherever necessaryv to accommodate other parts.

by a plurality of horizontal tie rods or the like, most of which perform additional functions and will be morei yspecifically identified as the description proceeds.

their axes from the front, top or right hand side as viewed in Fig. 1, and the terms right-hand and left-hand are used to identify movements of parts or directions as viewed from the right or the front in Fig. 1.

BASIC DRiViNG OR POWER INPUT MECHANiSlMI (Figs. 1, 2, 4 and 6 to 9) The invention contemplates novel simplified means embodying only a small number of compactly assembled parts for imparting to the operating mechanisms the necessary power or energy and for controlling the operating speed independently of the speed or rate at which the power is applied. ln the illustrated embodiment, operation is manually effected by means of a handle 67 but it will be understood that electrical or other power means could be substituted. The handle is suitably and preferably removably mounted for rotation with a rigid assembly comprising a plate or arm 68 and a stub shaft 69 (Fig. 4) which is journalled in a bushing in side frame member 61 and held in axially fixed position by a split ring engaging a groove in the shaft or by other suitable known means. Securely mounted on arm and projecting inwardly through a suitable opening in side frame 6i is a pin or stud 70 through which power is transmitted to the operating parts during each forwardA or operating stroke of the handle, i.e. toward the operator as viewed in Figs. i and 4.

Rotatably journalled on shaft or rod 69 is a sleeve 77 formed integrally with an arm or sector 71 (Fig. 2) which has a notch or groove in the rear or right hand edge thereof to receive actuating pin 70 for purposes to hereinafter appear. Arm or sector 71 has an arcuate slot 72 therethrough and the outer arcuate edge-surface thereof is smooth at the forward end and provided with serrations or V-shaped notches 73 at the rear end portion thereof. Said edge-surface is adapted to cooperate with a spring-biased double acting pawl 74 that is pivotally mounted on a stud projecting from the inner face of frame member 61. When the parts are in normal or nonoperating position, the full stroke sector il and pawl A. shorter vertical frame rnernber'66 is provided'at'the for- Ward end of the machine'between members 61 and 63."` These ve upright frame members are 'connected together 74 assume the positions shown in Fig. 2, the pawl being biased counter-clockwise by spring 75. During the initial part of the operating stroke ofhandle 67 when the sector 71 is moved by pin 70 to the position shown in Fig. 7, pawl 74 rides on the smooth edge surface of the sector so that the parts are free to return to starting position if the handle is released. As will appear hereinafter, this feature is utilized to effect by operation of handle 67 the removal of an erroneous amount which has been set in the machine through the keyboard or the pin carriage controlled thereby.

When, during the operating stroke of the handle, said pin 70 has proceeded to the point represented in Fig. 8, pawl 74 will engage a serration 73 and thereafter prevent any return movement of sector 71 and other parts operated thereby until the sector passes beyond the pawl, as shown in dot and dash lines in Fig. 9. In this position the sector has engaged a stop sleeve on a rod 76. Thus, once the pawl 74 engages the serrations 73, the cycle of operation thus commenced must be completed. It will be noted, however, that handle 67 and pin 70 are free for return movement at all times, thus eliminating any danger of introducing an error in the calculations or causing damage to the machine by a forced return stroke of the operating handle. On the return or clockwise movement of sector 71 after each operating stroke, pawl 74 is cocked in the opposite direction (as shown in Fig. 9) to engage serrations 73 in such manner as to prevent any subsequent full or partial effective operating or forward stroke of handle 67 or detrimental interference with thel operating parts until the machine has completed the operating cycle for which it has been energized by the full forward stroke of handle 67.

Freely journalled on the tubular hub 77 of sector 71 is a sleeve 78 (Fig. 4) on which two radially extending arms 79 and 80 are rigidly secured in axially spaced relation for angular movement therewith. This sleeve and arm unit is connected to sector 71 through a yieldable torque transmitting connection which, as shown. comprises of a coil spring 81. The latter surrounds sleeve 78 between arms 79 and 80 and the opposite ends thereof engage axially extending pins or lugs 82 and 83 on arm 80 and sector 71, respectively. Extending between the outer ends of arms 79 and 80 is a pin or rod 84 whereby the motion of said arms may be transmitted to other operating and control parts. The right hand headed end of rod 84 extends freely through slot 72 in sector 71 and the space between the head on rod 84 and arm 79 is sufficient to permit free relative angular movement of said arm and sector to the extent permitted by the slot. The reduced ends of a spacer sleeve 86 fitted between arms 79 and 80 and surrounding rod 84 serve as bearings and provide suitable axial space for two links 87 and 88. Link 87 is a main operating link and has a slot 89 (Fig. 2) for receiving one end of the spacer sleeve, whereas link 88 is pivoted on the sleeve (Fig. 6) and constitutes part of a connection to a speed governing mechanism to be hereinafter described.

The threaded left end of rod 84 is operably engaged by a nut 90 (Fig. 4), the reduced cylindrical right hand end portion of which butts against arm 80 and serves as a pivot bearing and axial spacer for a link 91 (Fig. 6), hereinafter sometimes referred to as the pin carriage return arm. The other or left end of nut 90 is also reduced and forms an operating pin or stud 92, the function of which in connection with the totalizing or ac cumulating mechanism will be hereinafter described.

Sleeve 78 extends to the left (Fig. 4) beyond the end of shaft 69 and into abutting engagement with a bushing or bearing in inside frame member 63. Passing through said bushing and into sleeve 78 and secured to the latter by a pin or other suitable means is a stub shaft 93 to which is secured a cam 94 that performs a plurality of functions, as will hereinafter appear.

Certain of the above described parts may be returned OPERATING-SPEED GOVERNOR (Fig. 6 and lower right hand comer of Fig. 1)

Governor means of novel construction are provided in novel combination with the above described driving or operating means for controlling the operating speed of the machine and for preventing too rapid operation thereof in response to direct excessive force applied by an operator or other power source. As shown, the governor mechanism (Fig. 6) is located in the lower right hand corner of Fig. l of the drawing and is connected with the parts which it controls through link 88 which, as mentioned above, is pivotally connected to 'the movable axis 84, 86. The other end of link 88 is pivotally connected to a crank arm 99 which is in turn pivotally mounted on a rod 100 between frame plates 61 and 66 and held in spaced relation to said plates by .suitable spacer sleeves on the rod. A gear segment 101 is pivotally mounted on rod 100 and is connected to crank 99 by a pin 102 in axially spaced relation thereto. Gear segment 101 meshes with a small pinion 103 which is integrated with a larger gear 104 rotatably supported on a stud 106 mounted in and projecting from frame plate 66. Since gear 104 is thus connected with the rocker assembly including arms 79 and 80, the speed of operation of the machine during both the operating and return strokes of said rocker assembly may be controlled by controlling the rotational speed of said gear.

Speed control for normal operation is obtained primarily by a simple friction brake which, in the form shown, comprises a brake shoe or button 107 (Figs. l and 6) held in continuous yielding engagement with the right side surface of gear 104 by a coil spring 108. Said shoe is secured to a rod 109 that is slidably received in and supported by a tube 110 mounted on frame plate 61. The spring surrounds tube 110 and is interposed un- -der compression between brake shoe 107 and frame plate 61. The desired speed can be adjusted by varying the force or compression of spring 108.

Centrifugally operated braking means are also provided to intermittently complement the continuously operating braking means above described. As shown, the centrifugal brake is driven by gear 104 through a pinion 111 in constant mesh therewith. The latter is rotatably mounted on a stud 112 secured to and projecting from frame plate 66. Integrated in any suitable manner with pinion 111 is a plate or disc 113 to which a similar plate 114 is secured in axially spaced relation by pins 115, 116 with suitable spacing sleeves thereon between the plates. Mounted between plates or'discs 113, 114 for rotation therewith and pivotal movement about eccentrically mounted pins 115, 11S are two fly-weights 117. The latter are yieldably held in normal or full line position (Fig. 6) against stops 116 by coil springs 118 in# terposed between laterally projecting lugs on disc 114 and extended portions of the weights.

A pan-shaped brake drum 119 is staked or otherwise nonrotatably secured to the end of stud 112 and the annular peripheral flange thereof surrounds the centrifugal ily-weight assembly described above. The relationship of the parts is such that when weights 117 are pivoted toward dotted line position (Fig. 6) against the efforts of springs 118 in response to centrifugal force, a knob 120 on each weight swings into frictional engagement with the inner surface of the ange of drum 119. This creates an additional frictional drag that limits any fur-- ther increase of speed. As a further precaution against any rotation of brake drum 119 the same may be connected to frame member 61 by a pin 121 which also serves as a support for other parts to be described.

From the above description of the power input linkage and speed control governor, it will be seen that when handle 67 and sector 71 are actuated on a forward or operating stroke at a speed greater than that at which crank arms 79, 80 and hence other parts of the machine are permitted by the governor to operate, the handle and sector may proceed in advance of said arms to the extent permitted by the pin and slot connection 84, This advance movement, when made necessary by the operator, merely effects a further tensioning of spring 81. Under proper normal operating conditions, energy is transmitted through spring 81 so that arms 79, 31% will move at the same angular speed as handle 67. Accordingly, pin 84 does not normally depart appreciably from the upper or forward end of slot 72 where it is yieldably held by the initial tension of spring 81.

Novel means are provided for insuring a full forward or operating stroke of the operating parts of the machine whenever there has been a full stroke of the operating handle; that is, means are provided to prevent any return movement of the operating parts independently of the return movement of the handle until said parts have completed a full power stroke. In the form shown, said means comprises a locking member 122 (Fig. 2) for locking sector 71 in its forward or full stroke position adjacent stop 76 therefor whenever the machine parts have not completed a full forward or operating stroke. Member 122 is pivotally mounted on rod 121 and comprises two axially spaced arms 124 and 126, the same being urged in a counter-clockwise direction by a spring 127 to yieldably maintain arm 126 against stop 76. Arm 124 is in the same plane as sector 71 and the lower rear corner thereof is squared for locking engagement with the forward tooth or notch 73 on the sector. Extending rearwardly and upwardly from arm 126 into the path of spacer 86 on rod 84 is a finger or lug 128.

During normal or proper operation, spacer sleeve 86 engages lug 128 and pivots pawl 122 clockwise so that arm 124 will not engage a sector tooth 73. However, when arms 79, 80 and, hence, sleeve 86 lag behind the sector 71 as a result of too rapid forward operation of the latter, and the sector has passed the point beyond L' which locking pawl 74 is no longer effective to prevent return movement as heretofore described, pawl arm 124- will engage a sector tooth 73 and prevent return movement of the sector. Under these conditions the sector will be released for return movement only after the gov- MAIN OPERATING LINKAGE (Figs. 1, 2, 3, 11, and 17) On the so-called forward or operating stroke of handle 67, a substantial portion of the operating parts of the machine are actuated by spring 81 which is under initial tension and functions as a yielding connection between the handle and the main operating parts of the machine in the manner heretofore described. In addition to actuating certain of the operating parts the operating stroke also effects a sucient tensioning of other resilient means to supply the necessary energy for returning some parts to normal position and for actuating others on the return stroke. The chief resilient means for this purpose comprises a relatively heavy coil spring 129 (Figs. l to 3). The latter is coiled around a rock shaft 130 journalled at its ends in frame plates 61 and 63. One end of the spring engages a spacer sleeve on a tie rod 131 and the other end engages a pin 132 on a rocker arm 133 secured to shaft 130 for imparting oscillatory movement thereto. The clockwise angular movement of the rocker arm by the spring is limited by the sleeve on tie rod 131 (Fig. 2). The upper end of rocker arm 133 is pivotally secured to main operating link 87, Thus, on the counter-clockwise or operating stroke of arms 7 9, 80 after cross pin 84 engages the left or forward end (Fig. 2) of slot 89 in link 87, the latter is moved to the left or forwardly, thereby rocking the arm 133 and shaft counter-clockwise to wind up spring 129 and to actuate and control certain of the main operating parts of the machine in a manner to be hereinafter described. It may be here noted that rod 84 does not engage the forward end of slot 89 during the forward stroke of handle 67 until about the time that pawl 74 engages a serration 73 on sector 71. The prior or initial portion of said stroke is utilized to pre-set some of the machine parts, such as by cam 94, in preparation for actuation or release for operation of other parts controlled by the main operating linkage, as will more fully appear as thc description proceeds.

Rigidly secured to shaft 130 for oscillatory movement therewith is a crank 134 (Fig. 3), the lower forwardly extending portion of which is pivotally connected to a link 136. The forward end of said link is pivotally secured to the lower end of the right hand end arm 137 (as viewed in Fig. l) of an oscillating arm assembly comprising depending end arms 137, 138 rigidly connected by a cross shaft 139 journalled in frame members 63, 64. Pivotally connected to the lower ends of arms 137 and 138 and extending rearwardly therefrom are two links 140 and 141, respectively. The latter are additionally connected to each other by two transverse bars 142 and 143 which function to actuate other parts of r the apparatus in a manner to be hereinafter described.

KEYBOARD UNIT (Figs. 22 Z0 25) Numerical data is put into the machine by means of digit and symbol keys mounted in a keyboard unit which is novelly constructed and combined with the remainder of the structure in such a manner that the same may be readily removed for purposes of inspection and repair without in any way affecting the normal operability of the machine. It is accordingly, an easy matter to obtain a full view of the operating parts of the machine in operation to thus facilitate discovery of the causes for operational failures. In the illustrated embodiment, the keyboard unit comprises an upper plate and a lower plate 151 secured together in vertically spaced relation by four posts 152, 153, the lower plate being removably held in place by screws which threadedly engage said posts. Slidably mounted in this frame are ten digit keys and eight symbol or control keys, all shown in Fig. 22 with the nger buttons removed in the interest of clarity. The digit keys are indicated by numerals 0 to 9, inclusive, and the symbol or operational keys are identified as follows: non-print key 154, back spacer key 156, division key 157, subtraction key 158, repeat key 159, total key 160, sub-total key 161 and non-add key 162.

Each of the key members is made of a strip of metal comprising a shank 163 (Fig. 23) which supports a finger button 164 and slidably extends through a suitable guide slot in top plate 150. Between plates 150 and 151 each key member is divided and suitably contoured to form a leg 166 that slidably extends through a slot in lower plate 151 and a shorter leg 167 which is adapted to engage the lower plate to limit the downward movement of the key. Additionally, each of the ten digit key members has a horizontal arm 168 which over-rides a vertically movable cross-bar 169 and all except the 9 key has a pin operating leg 170 projecting downwardly through lower plate 151 from a horizontal arm, which in some instances is arm 168 or an extension thereof. A spring 171 surrounds each guide leg 166 and yieldably supports the key in inoperative position. Although the digit key members are all differently shaped between the frame plates, each has the same basic parts and the pin operating legs 170 thereof are all arranged in foreand aft-alignment and in numerical sesuence to 8) from front toback asindicated-at 170, 170 (Fig. 22). The construction of each of the symbol or control keys will be more specically hereinafter described when the coaction thereof with other parts of the structure is described.

Bar 169 is supportedby a bail consisting of side arms 172, 172 anda cross-piece 173. Said bail is pivotally mounted on reduced portions of screws which have threaded engagement with and project through posts 153 (Fig. 22) and bar 169 rests by gravity upon an upwardly biased lever 174 (Figs. 15 and 23) of an escapement mechanism which controls the movement of a traveling stop-pin carriage to be next described.

TRAVELING STOP-PIN CARRIAGE (Figs. I, 2, I3, 14, 15 and 16) Mounted below the keyboard for cooperation therewith and with the main operating parts of the machine is a traveling carriage 175 which is actuated and controlled in a novel manner and is novelly constructed to minimize the number of parts and thereby facilitate the assembly and disassembly thereof. In the specific form illustrated, said carriage comprises a frame (Fig. 13) consisting of a top plate 176 and a bottom plate 177 secured together and vertically spaced by side plates 178, 178. The forward ends of the latter are slotted and the rear ends thereof are perforated to receive tie rods 179 and 180, respectively, which extend between outside frame members 61 and 62 and support the carriage for reciprocating movement transversely of the machine below the keyboard.

The upper and lower plates of the stop-pin carriage frame have vertically aligned slots therein, arranged in transverse rows and longitudinal columns, there being nine pairs of vertically aligned slots in each row and column in the illustrated structure. Slidably mounted and guided in each said pair of vertically aligned slots is a stop pin 181. Each pin has two V-shaped notches in the right hand edge thereof, as viewed in Fig. 13, and oppositely facing shoulders on the left edge that engage plates 176 and 177 to limit the vertical movement of the pin.

Each pin 181 is yieldably held in one of its two limiting positions by novel resilient means. For each longitudinal column or row of pins 181 there is provided a rsingle comb-like resilient member 182 (Fig. 14) that fits between adjacent longitudinal columns or rows of the pins and between right hand side plate 178 and the rst row of pins on the right. Each resilient comb member 182 consists of a series of nine resilient tongs or ngers 183 with V-shaped end portions that normally engage the lower grooves or notches in the pins 181 and a solid portion 184 that yieldably engages the ilat surfaces of the pins in the adjacent longitudinal row. Each resilient comb 182 may be readily removed by sliding it endwise from the carriage frame so that worn or defective springs may be readily replaced. The pins 181 in the front transverse row or line are adapted to be engaged and moved downwardly by the 0 key member to a position such that a spring nger 183 engages the upper notch in the pin and the lower end of the pin extends below lower plate 177 (dotted position 181a, Fig. 13). The pins in the next or second transverse row toward the rear are similarly operable by the 1. key, the next or third row by the 2 key and so on, the last or rear row being operable by the 8 key. Return or upward movement of a stop-pin 181 is effected by a cam surface 186 in a manner to be hereinafter described.

The stop-pin carriage is normally biased for move- 10 ment toward the left side of themachine, as viewed in Fig. 1, by a spring 187 anchored to frame plate 62 (Fig. 1) and upper plate 176 adjacent the right hand edge thereof (Fig. 13). Movement of the carriage by the spring is controlled by an escapement mechanism comprising arm 174 pivotally mounted on a bracket pro jecting from frame plate 64 (Figs. l and l5) and biased in a counter-clockwise direction by a spring 188, as viewed from the front of the machine. The free end of arm 174 extends into a guide slot in frame plate 63 which limits the upward or counter-clockwise movement thereof. Pivotally mounted on arm 174 is a pawl 189, the free end of which is biased upwardly by a spring 190 to a limiting position determined by a lug 191 on arm 174. Said lug projects forwardly from arm 174 to the irnmediate left of the nose of pawl 189 for engagement thereby and the lug and pawl cooperate with a slottedy member or rack 192 secured to horizontal ears on the rear edge portions of the carriage side plates 178 to control the step-by-step movement of the carriage toward the left, as viewed from the front. The teeth or prongs 193 of rack 192 project rearwardly from the carriage :and corresponding surfaces thereof are transversely spaced to correspond with the transverse spacing of the longitudinal or fore-and-aft columns or rows of stop-pins 181. When escapement arm 174 is in normally raised position, the nose of pawl 189 extends into a notch between the teeth of the rack 192 and prevents movement of the carriage toward the left by spring 187. Whenever arm 174 is depressed by bar 169, which is in turn depressible by each digit key as heretofore described, the nose of the escapement pawl 189 will move below the rack 192, 193. Simultaneously, lug 191 will move into the notch vacated by the pawl, thus permitting the carriage to move slightly to the left into engagement with said lug. When arm 174 is now pivoted upwardly by spring 188 upon release of the digit key and bar 169, the carriage is released by lug 191 moving out of the rack notch, but movement of the carriage is shortly stopped again by pawl 189 which enters the next rack slot to the right under the tension of spring 190. Thus, as the digit keys and, hence, bar 169 are successively depressed and released, the carriage will be moved with a step-by-step movement to the left by spring 187 under the control of the escapement mechanism. The longitudinal or foreand-aft columns of pins 181 are thus successively moved into vertical alignment with the row of stop-pin actuating legs on the digit key members.

The lower ends of stop-pins 181 which have been depressed serve as stops for denominational slide racks to be hereinafter described. As pointed out above, the 9 key does not operate any stop pins, but rather only the bail bar 169 to effect a step movement of the stop-pin carriage 175. For stopping said slide racks in the 9,

position, the rear edge of bottom plate 177 on the carriage has a depending stop flange 194.

Return or right hand movement of the stop-pin carriage and tensioning of spring 187 is effected through the medium of a bell crank, an arm 196 of which is bifurcated or forked and straddles and upward extension of one of the screws whereby rack 192 is secured to the carriage (Fig. l). Said bell crank is pivotally mounted on a horizontal bracket projecting from frame member 63 and the other arm 197 thereof extends toward the right from the pivot for engagement by the operating link 91 which, when moved rearwardly during the return stroke of handle 67 and sector 71 will actuate the crank to impart left-to-right movement to the stoppin carriage as viewed in Fig. 1. During this return movement, the lower ends of any stop-pins 181 which have been depressed will operatively engage and be moved to normal or up-position by the inclined surface 186 on .a laterally projecting lip 198 which is formed integrally with 'inside frame member 63 and functions as a cam. The left face of the nose of escapement pawl 189 is also tapered or inclined so that the teeth of rack 192 will be effective to depress the pawl against the efforts of spring 190 during the return movement of the carriage and rack.

As above pointed out, link 91 is effective to actuate crank 196, 197 to return carriage 175 to the right, and for this purpose said link has an upper arm 144 with a right angie lug 145 which is engageable with the forward edge of crank arm 197. The rear or right hand end of pivoted link 91 is biased upwardly or counter-clockwise by spring 96 to normally hold the upper edge of a lower arm 146 of the link in engagement with a sleeve on tic rod 131 (Fig. 6). The forward end portion 147 of said upper edge of arm 146 is tapered or curved forwardly and upwardly to function as a cam surface. Thus, when link 91 approaches the end of its rearward stroke and after the carriage 175 has been fully returned, surface 147 engages the sleeve or tie rod 131 and cams link 91 clockwise sufficiently to move upper arm 144, 145 downwardly out of engagement with carriage return crank arm 197. In this manner, link 91, 144 is so positioned as to not interfere with subsequent left hand movement of the pin carriage.

CORRECTION OF ERROR (Figs. I, 2, 6, 7 and 13) Any suitable means may be provided for actuating lever 196, 197 or carriage 175 independently of the rest of the machine for removing from the carriage any data which has been erroneously set therein by depression of the wrong digit keys. In the illustrated embodiment, the mechanism above described is novelly constructed so that such an error may be corrected by clearing the pin carriage through a partial stroke of handle 67. For this purpose, advantage is taken of the initial movement of operating handle 67 which is permitted by slot 89 in link 87 before the main operating linkage is brought into operation and before pawl 74 operatively engages a serration 73.

During the aforesaid initial movement of handle 67, the pin carriage return link or arm 91 is moved forwardly to the dotted line position illustrated in Fig. 6. In this position, the upper arm 144, 145 of link 91 will have been lifted by spring 96 into the same horizontal plane with crank arm 197. Now, if handle 67 is returned or permitted to return to its normal position by the operator or by spring 96 under control of the governor, link 91, 145 will engage crank arm 197 and function in the manner above described to return carriage y 175 to its right-most position. During this movement, all depressed pins 181 will bc lifted to normal position as they pass over cam 186. The proper forward position to which handle 67 should be moved will be easily recognizable by the operator because the initial movement is against the relatively light spring 96 whereas the required energy is greatly increased for tensioning main spring 129 when pin 84 engages the end of slot 89.

When only one or more of the last digits set in the machine are erroneous, it may sometimes be convenient to remove the same without completely clearing the pin carriage in the manner just described. This may be accomplished by use of the back spacer key 156 as will hereinafter appear DENOMINATIONAL SLIDE RACK ASSEMBLIES (Figs. I, 5, 16 and 42) The figures and symbols entered in the machine through the medium of the keyboard and the stop-pin carriage are mechanically translated into the totalizing and printing mechanisms in a novel manner through a novel arrangement and assembly of slide racks and associated controls therefor. In the illustrated machine, there are nine identical denominational slide racks, each of which is fabricated from a plurality of parts including a printing rack member or slide 200 and a totalizer rack member or slide 201. The latter is supported in vertical or on-edge position and guided for straight line longitudinal movement by upper and lower circumferentially grooved rods 202 and 76, respectively, and one of a series of spool-like bushings 206 on the rod 131 that passes through a central elongated cut-out or slot 203 in rack member 201. The latter engages the reduced portion 204 between the anges of the bushing 206 mounted on rod 131. The anges of adjacent bushings 206 are spaced by a reduced hub portion 205 on one end of each bushing for a purpose to appear hereafter (Fig. 42). The forward end of rack slide 201 is bifurcated and the inner or adjacent surfaces of the furcations 207 and 208 are provided with gear teeth for a purpose which will appear hereinafter in connection with the description of the totalizing mechanism.

On the left side (Fig. 1) of each totalizer slide 201, a printing slide 200 is mounted for longitudinal movement therewith and limited movement relative thereto. The mounting or connection of the pairs of slides 200 and 201 is effected by two shouldered studs 209, the reduced portions or Shanks of which are secured to slide 200 and ride in grooves 210 in rack member or slide 201. A tensioned spring 211 is connected at its left end (Figs. 16 and 42) to a downwardly extending lug 212 on slide 200 and at its other end to slide 201 thereby exerting a force which tends to move the slides relative to each other to cause pins 209 to occupy the right hand ends of slots 210, as seen in Fig. 42. The upper surface of slide 200 is formed with a ledge or shoulder 213 for cooperation with stop-pins 181, a series of notches 214 in the central portion for cooperation with a locking member 216, and a series of gear teeth 217 for cooperation with a printing type quadrant 218 or 250, all in the manner and for purposes which will hereinafter appear. The upper surface of slide 201 has a shoulder 219 for cooperation with a detent `220 all in the manner and for purposes which will hereinafter appear.

As pointed out above, slide 200 is biased toward the right (Fig. 42) relative to slide 201 by spring 211 and both slides are additionally biased and movable toward the right by a spring 223 connected between a depending lug 224 on slide 200 and a fixed horizontal tie rod 226 mounted in the frame. Return or forward movement of the slide racks 200, 201 toward the left and tensioning of springs 223 is effected by main spring 129 acting through a linkage comprising horizontal cross bar 142 that extends through slots 203 and engages the rear vertical edges of the depending portions 227 of slides 200. As pointed out above, bar 142 is supported at its ends by a pair of identical links i140, 141 (Figs. 1l and 17) the rear or right hand ends of which are supported and connected by rod 143 that travels in and is guided by slots 228, 229 in the inside frame members 63 and 64, respectively. The forward or left ends of links 140, 141 are pivotally connected to the lower ends of the side arms 137, 138 of the oscillating arm assembly which includes horizontal rock shaft '139. The lower end of arm 137 is also pivotally connected to link 136 which is in turn pivotally connected to rocker arm 134 which oscillates with rock shaft 130 and, hence, with the double rocker arm 133 to which spring 129 is connected. Suitable slots or openings 230 are provided in frame members 63 and 64 to permit fore-and-aft movement of rack operating rod 142.

It will thus be seen that when main operating link 87 is moved forwardly and shaft 130 is rocked counterclockwise (Figs. 2 and 3) during the forward or operating stroke of handle 67, the lower end of rocker arm 134 will move rearwardly and, hence, transmit rearward movement to bar 142 through link 136, arm `137, rock 'shaft 139, arm 138, and links 140, 141. This rearward movement of slide rack operating bar 142 releases rack assemblies 200, 201 for rearward movement under the f13 inuence of springs` 22,3` and performs additional functions in connection with the control and actuation of other units of the machine as wlll hereinafter appear. The extent of the rearward movement of each rack 200, 201 upon release thereof by rod 142 is determined in a manner to appear hereafter Yin accordance with the figure or amount which has been set in the machine through the keyboard. Briey, the rearward movement of the slide racks is determined by the position of stop-pin carriage 175 and any depressed stop-pins 181- which are engageable by shoulders 213 on rack members 200. When the forward stroke lof handle 67 is completed and the parts are released by pawls 74 and 124 for the return stroke or movement, spring 129 becomes effective through the above linkage to return the rod 142 and, hence, slide racks 200, 20-1 to normal position (Fig. 16) and to thereby again tension springs 223.

SLIDE RACK MOVEMENT CONTROL (Figs. 1, 4, 12 and 6) Before slide racks 200, 201 are released'for rearward movement by movement of rack operating rod 142 to the rear on the operating stroke of the handle, suitable locking means are put in operation to prevent rearward movement of the slide racks in columns in which no digit has been set through the keyboard and stop-pin carriage. For simplifying the description and facilitating an understanding of the construction, let us assume that only the digit has been set into the machine by depressing the 5 digit key. As previously explained, depression and release of the "5 key will move a stoppin 181 to its lower or depressed position as indicated at 181a (Figs. 13 and 16). This will be the sixth stoppin toward the rear in the first or left column of pins on the pin carriage 175. Upon operation of the digit key, the escapement mechanism functions to permit the carriage to move one step to the left (Fig. l) so that the depressed pin 181a is moved into alignment with the first or right hand denominational slide rack 200 and in the path of shoulder 213 thereof.

Now, upon the subsequent initial forward movement of operating handle 67 and before operating rod 142 begins to move rearwardly, cam 94 (Figs. 4 and 12) rotates counter-clockwise with sleeve 78 and permits a link 231 normally supported by the cam to move downwardly under the influence of a spring 232 (Fig. 17). Link 231 is guided at its lower end by a headed stud 233 engaging a slot therein and is pivotally connected at its upper end by means of a pin 234 to a bail which consists of a transverse cross-bar 237 and rearwardly extending end ears 238 which pivotally support said bail on a shaft or tie-rod 239. The spring 232 is connected under tension between bar 237 and an upwardly biased element 240 to be later described.

Resting on bail bar 237 are a series of locking pawls 220 (Fig. 16). one for each slide rack. Said pawls are pivotally mounted on shaft 239 and each is individually biased in a counter-clockwise direction by a bent spring 241 coiled aro-und shaft 239 and having one end thereof secured to the pawl and the other end in operative engagement with the rock shaft 139. A forwardly extending arm of the pawl has a laterally off-set depending portion 242 adapted to move into the path of shoulder 219 of the slide rack 201 and prevent rearward movement of said rack. The end of arm 242 is preferably guided in the rack guide slots in rod 202. A downwardly and rearwardly extending arm 243 of each pawl 220 is adapted to engage the lower plate 177 of stop-pin carriage 175 when the latter has moved to the left into the path of said pawl arm. The pawls 220, 243 which thus engage the pin carriage are prevented from pivoting counterclockwise into rack locking position, i.e. with arm 242 in the path of shoulder 219 when bail bar 237 is lowered. y It will thus be seen that when cam 94 is rotated to permit link 231 and bail 237'to move to down position 14 (dotted line, Fig. 1-6), those pawls 220, 243 which are not held or stopped by the pin carriage plate 177 will be moved by springs 241 to rack locking position. Accordingly, under the conditions assumed above, the locking pawl 220 for the right hand digit rack 200, 201 will engage the carriage and leave said rack free to move rearwardly until the shoulder 213 thereof engages the depressed stop pin 181a (dotted lines, Fig. 16). All the other pawls 220, 242 will pivot counter-clockwise into position to be engaged by shoulders 219 and thus lock the remainder of the slide racks 201 in normal position so the same cannot move rearwardly even when released by operating rod 142. Near the end of each cycle of operation, after rod 142 and racks 200, 201 have been returned to their forward positions, cam 94 is effective to lift arm 231, bail 237 and, hence, all of the rack vlocking pawls 220, 242 to non-locking position (full PRINTING MECHANISM (Figs. I, 5, 1I, 16, 17, 19, 20 and 21) The invention comprehends a novelly constructed simplified mechanism which functions in a novel manner with a minimum number of parts to effect so-called hammer-blow printing of the figures and symbols entered in the machine. In the form illustrated, said printing mechanism comprises ten numeral type quadrants 218 and a symbol type quadrant 250, each individually mounted for oscillation on a bodily movable pivot 251. An arcuate portion or segment of each quadrant 218 concentric with said pivot is provided with gear teeth 252 in constant mesh with the teeth 217 on a. rack slide 200 (Fig. 16). To each quadrant 218 there is secured an arcuate type bar or strip 253 each bearing in sequence, from top to bottom, the numerals 0 to 9, inclusive. On quadrant 250 the type bar or.strip has various symbols designed to assist the operator in interpreting the printed figures. In all other respects quadrant 250 is identical with and functions in the same manner as quadrants 218.

The pivot 251 for each type quadrant 218 is mounted on and carried by the upwardly extending arm of a bellcrank member 254 journalled for pivotal movement on the reduced hub portion 205 of one of the spools or bushings 206 on fixed rod 131. Each said crank 254 is biased for pivotal movement in a clockwise direction (Fig. 16) by a spring 256 anchored to a stationary rod 257 or a pin 258. Means in the form of a rake or comb 259 are provided for holding crank members 254 against clockwise movement by springs 256 until the type quadrants 218 have been pivoted counter-clockwise (Fig. 16) about pivots 251 to desired pre-printing positions determined by the rearward movements of the racks 200 in mesh therewith. Said comb 259 extends transversely across the machine between the frame members 63, 64 and is pivotally mounted at its ends on a fixed rod 260 mounted in said frame members. Said rod has axially-spaced, circumferential grooves 262 in which the upper forward ends of cranks 254 are guided. The rear edge of comb 259 is slotted to form a series of teeth 261, the ends of which are bent downwardly to hook over the upper rear edges of cranks 254 and thereby releasably lock the latter in normal position (full lines, Fig. 16).

The means for actuating comb 259 to release cranks 254 comprises a bell crank pawl 263 (Fig. 17) pivotally mounted on a rod 264 and having a rearwardly extending arm with a laterally extending lug 266 adapted to engage a downwardly facing ledge 267 on a link 268. The latter is pivotally mounted on comb 259 eccentrically with respect to pivot 260 and is biased in a clockwise direction by a spring 269 to thereby yieldably hold link 268 in engagement with lug 266 on pawl 263 and yieldably hold comb 259 in locking position. Pawl 263 has a forwardly extending arm 270 engageable by rack operating rod 142 during the forward movement of the latter and a downwardly extending arm 271 engageable by rod 142 during the latter portion of the rearward movement thereof in the manner heretofore described. Thus, when rod 142 is moved to the rear, it engages arm 271 and imparts counter-clockwise movement to pawl 263. The lug 266 on the pawl engages ledge 267 and lifts link 268, thereby pivoting comb 259 to non-locking position (dotted line position in Fig. 16) and releasing all the type quadrant supporting cranks 254. Each type quadrant which has been moved to a pre-printing position, such as dotted line position A, by a rack slide 200 in accordance `with data entered into the machine, will now be carried by a crank 254 under the inuence of a spring 256 into printing position B. Sufficient clearance is provided between the meshing teeth on the rack slides 200 and quadrant gear segments 252 to compensate for the small arcuate movement of pivots 251. The desired numeral or symbol on a strip 253 is thus snapped into engagement with an inked ribbon overlying a paper strip on a suitable platen 272 to be hereinafter described.

Those type quadrants which have not been moved to a pre-printing position by rearward movement of their cooperating slide racks 200 are held against rearward movement toward the platen in a novel manner by other locking means controlled by said rack slides 201. As shown, said other locking means comprises the series of overlapping hook members or detents 222 which are pivotally mounted on the transverse stationary bar 264 and may depend upon gravity for their operation in a clockwise direction toward operative locking position (Fig. 16). Each hook member 222 comprises laterally spaced rearwardly extending arms 273 and 274 (Figs. 19 to 21). Arm 273 is in the form of a downwardly facing hook which rides on and operatively engages a pin 276 secured to and extending laterally to the left (Fig. 1) from a. crank 254 to hold the latter and, hence, the type quadrant 218 mounted thereon against movement to printing position B by a spring 256 when comb 259 is moved to unlocking position to otherwise release cranks 254. A cam lug 277 extends downwardly from arm 273 into cam groove 221 in the upper surface of rack slide 201 so that, when said slide moves rearwardly with its associated slide 200 to actuate a type quadrant 218 into a pre-printing position A, cam lug 277 will ride out of notch 221 onto the upper edge of slide 201 and thereby lift hooked arm 273 out of the path of pin 276. The

crank 254 on which said pin is mounted will then be free to move the type quadrant 218 thereon from pre-printing position A to printing position B upon release of said crank by locking comb 259. Part of the upper edge portion 278 of each rack slide 201 is offset toward thy right to provide a better track for detent lug 277.

The novel construction of the present machine is such l that upon the initial rearward movement of bar 142 during each cycle of operation, each rack slide 200 is moved rearwardly by springs 211 and 223 through a distance determined by the pin and slot connections 209, 210 to thereby move each type quadrant to preprinting position, independently of whether or not its companion slide 201 is locked against rearward movement by a pawl 220, 242. For each column in which the operator has not set a numeral larger than 0, there will be no further rearward movement of either slide of the denominational rack assembly 200, 201 and the slide 201 thereof will not therefore be effective to lift the detent or hook member 222 associated therewith to non-locking position. The detents 222 are accordingly novelly constructed and interlocked in such a manner that all said detents to the right (Fig. l) of the detent in the left-most column in which the operator has set a numeral or digit greater than 0 will be moved to non-locking position, thereby freeing the corresponding cranks 254 and the quadrants 218 thereon for movement to printing position; Thus, in each column to the right of the left-most digit wherein a digit greater than 0 has not been set, the machine will print a 0. To accomplish this result, the right-hand arm 274 of each locking hook or detent 222 has a laterally offset end portion 279 which extends to the right beneath and engages the lower surface of the left-hand arm 273 on an adjacent detent 222. Thus, when one detent is lifted to non-locking or inoperative position by rearward movement of a slide 201, all said detents to the right thereof (Fig. 1) will also be correspondingly lifted to non-locking position independently of any rearward movement of the slides 201 associated therewith. In columns to the left of the left-most digit set in the machine, the detents 222 will remain in locking position and thus hold the corresponding type quadrants against movement to printing position.

The type quadrant operating cranks 254 are returned to normal position by the forward movement of main operating bar 142. For this purpose each crank 254 has a forwardly extending arm 280 with an inclined or cam surface 281 which moves upwardly into the return path of bar 142 when the crank members pivot clockwise to printing position. Thus, when the operating bar 142 is moved forwardly, it first disengages arm 271 of locking pawl 263 thereby freeing link 268 and comb 259 for movement to normal or locking position by spring 269. The force of the latter is also exerted through shoulder 267 and lug 266 to pivot pawl 263 clockwise (Fig. 17). Further clockwise movement of said pawl 263 is thereafter effected by engagement of bar 142 with the lower edge of arm 270 on the pawl. Following the release of pawl 263, bar 142 engages cam surfaces 281 on crank arms 280 and pivots cranks 254 in a counter-clockwise direction (Fig. 16) a suflcient amount to permit locking comb 259 to be snapped into locking position by spring 269.

In order to guard against possible movement of rack slides 200 while the type quadrants are in printing position against the platen 272 and to insure accurate horizontal alignment of the numerals printed by the type quadrants when in printing position, means are provided for locking and aligning said racks during movement of the type quadrants into printing position. As shown herein, said means comprises the locking comb 216 made up of a transverse cross-bar with spaced forwardly and downwardly projecting teeth 282 and end arms 283 and 284 (Figs. 5, 11 and 17). The latter are pivotally mounted on frame plates 63 and 64, respectively, by means of eccentric screws 286 for purposes of adjustment and are biased clockwise to non-locking position by two springs 287. Each of the arms 283 and 284 extends downwardly and forwardly from its pivot and terminates in an inclined surface 288 in the path of rack operating bar 142. Near the end of its rearward stroke prior to its engagement with pawl arm 271 to release the type quadrants for movement to printing position, bar 142 rides up on the forward ends of arms 283 and 284 and pivots the same counter-clockwise. This brings aligned teeth 282 into firm engagement and mesh with notches 214 on the slide racks 200 to properly align the said racks and positively hold the same against movement during actuation of the type quadrants 218.

TOTALIZER MECHANISM (Figs. 1, 3, 10, 12, 16, I8 and 40 t0 44) Totalization of the numerical data set into the machine through the keyboard unit is effected by novel means combined and novelly cooperable with slide rack assemblies 200, 201. As shown, the forward end of each slide rack 201 is forked or bifurcated and the furcations 207 and 208 thereof have gear teeth on the inner or adjacent surfaces thereof for alternate cooperation with pinions or gears 290 (Figs. 16 and 42). For com- 'connecting the bottom edges of said side plates.

is rigidly integrated with a totalizer drive gear 291 and ya bushing 292 which is journalled on a shaft 293 and functions also as an axial spacer for adjacent gear assemblies 290, 291. Shaft or rod 293 is supported at its ends in the side wall plates 294 and 295 of a vertically movable frame which includes a tie plate 21916 T e latter have oppositely disposed slots in the upper and lower edges thereof near the rear edges which receive horizontal tie rods 202 and 76, respectively, which extend between frame plates 63 and 64. Said gear assembly frame is thus guided by said rods for limited straight line vertical movement to permit the gear assemblies 290, 291 to be bodily lifted sufficiently so that pinions 290 will disengage toothed arms 207 and engage toothed arms 208 when direct subtraction is to be effected. Thus, when the arm 207 of a slide rack 201 is inmesh with a pinion 290 and said rack moves rearwardly a distance determined by the magnitude of a digit set into the machine, the gear assembly 290,291

"associated therewith will turn counter-clockwise a proportional amount and upon the return or forward movement of the rack 201, the gear assembly will rotate an equal distance in a clockwise direction.

Such return or clockwise movements of gears 290, 291 during successive cycles of operation are effectively accumulated and a summation thereof and, hence, a summation of the numerals set into the machine is visibly indicated in a totalizer unit 297. The latter comprises a rigid frame 298 which is pivoted on a shaft or rod 299 that is supported by and movable with the slide rack gear assembly frame 294, 295. Mounted in frame 298 for individual rotation on a shaft 300 are ten number wheel assemblies 301 each consisting of a number wheel 302 bearing numerals to 9, a gear 303 having ten teeth adapted to mesh with driving gear 291, and a radially projecting carry-over release pin 304, the purpose of which will be later described (Figs. 16 and 18). When totalizer frame 298 is in normal or raised position (Fig. 16), the number wheel assemblies 301 are held against rotation by a locking comb 306 pivotally mounted on said frame and having spaced teeth or fingers 307 which are bent downwardly at their ends for engagement with adjacent teeth on gears 303. Comb 306 is normally resiliently biased counter-clockwise to locking position by a spring 308. A cover plate 309 is provided with a transverse slot or window 310 through which an operator can view only one numeral on each wheel 302.

The accumulator or totalizer carriage 297 is normally supported in up or inoperative position by a pair of cam hook lift arms 311, 312 carried by and rotatable with a rock shaft 313 journalled in the side plates 294, 295 of the slide rack gear frame. Cam surfaces on arms 311, 312 engage a tie rod 314 in the totalizer frame 297 and control the pivotal movement of the latter, said surfaces being so shaped as to permit said frame to pivot clockwise and move number wheel gears 303 into mesh with driving gears 291 when said arms are pivoted clockwise from the normal position shown in Figs. 12 and 16. Said arms hook over rod 314 and positively hold the totalizer unit 297 in operative position (Fig. with said rod resting on tabs 316 formed on the gear frame side plates 294 and 295. Tabs 316 are made sufficiently thin, vertically, to be adjustable for varying the operative position of the unit 297 to insure proper meshing of gears 303 and 291.

At the proper time and prior to the forward or return movement of slide racks 201 and, hence, the clockwise -movement of gears 290, rock shaft 313 and arms 311,

312 are actuated to permit frame 297 to drop into opera- .tive position ,(Fig. 10). -For` this. purpose the right 75 fhand arm 311 has a forked extension 317 (Fig. l2) 'which Voperatively engages a rod or pin 318 projecting laterally to the left from the upper end of a double rocker arm 319 (Fig. l0) journalled on a stud 320 mounted on and extending to the right from inner frame plate 63. Rocker arm 319 preferably comprises two spaced plates (Fig. l) between which two oppositely facing hooks or pawls 321, 322 are guided. The upper hook or pawl 321 is adapted to engage a spacer on pin 318 between said plates and hook 322 is adapted to engage a similar spacer on a pin 323 connecting the lower ends of said plates.

Pawls or hooks 321, 322 are pivoted on and movable with a totalizer shift arm 324 and the rear ends of said pawls are connected by a spring 326 to thereby bias the hooked ends thereof in outward or diverging directions. Shift arm or slide 324 is supported on-edge for limited straight line horizontal movement by shouldered screw 327 and sleeve 78 which engage slots 315 and 325, respectively, in the slide. Forward or left hand movement of slide arm 324 is effected through a pin 328 which cooperates with a pawl 329. Said pin is carried by the'lower end of arm 137 which is actuated in a manner heretofore described and pawl 329 is pivotally mounted on slide 324 at 330 near the rear end thereof. Said pawl has a lower finger 331 that engages bottom frame member 60 to limit counter-clockwise movement thereof, a middle finger 332 with a forwardly inclined lower face riding on sleeve 78 to effect clockwise movement of the pawl when arm 324 moves forwardly, and a top downwardly-hooked finger 333 which cooperates directly 'with pin 328 in a. manner to be next described.

On the forward or operating stroke of the handle 67, pin 328 is carried rearwardly with arm 137 from normal inoperative position (Fig. 3) as heretofore described. The pin engages the tapered forward end (lower edge) of pawl finger 333, lifts it and proceeds past the rearwardly facing hook thereon. The pawl finger 333 then drops -again by gravity to its stop or normal position determined by arm 331. At the beginning of the return stroke, as distinguished from the operating stroke, pin 328 moves to the left engaging the hooked upper nger 333 of pawl 329 to thereby impart forward movement to said pawl, shift arm 324 and pawls 321, 322 until pawl 329 is shifted clockwise out of hooked engagement with pin 328 by the coaction of the tapered middle pawl finger 332 with the upper surface of sleeve 78.

During this limited forward movement of slide arm 324 when the parts are set for addition or accumulation, pawl 321 is in operative engagement with pin 318 on the upper end of rocker arm 319. Pawl 322 is at this time supported out of engagement with pin 323 by a pin 334 projecting laterally to the left from a rocker lever 336 to be later described. Accordingly, forward movement of pawl 321 with arm 324 causes counter-clockwise movement of said rocker arm 319 and, hence, forward movement of pin 318 which actuates arms 317, 311 clockwise to move totalizer unit 297 to its lowered or operative position (Fig. 10) in the manner previously described. As said unit is lowered, a projection'337 on locking comb 306 engages frame plate 294 and pivots the comb clockwise, thereby lifting the fingers 307 thereof out of locking engagement with the number wheel gears 303. After unit 297 has thus been lowered, the slide racks 201 are returned by bar 142 to normal forward or starting position, thereby rotating gear assemblies 290, 291 and number wheel assemblies 301. The gear ratios are such that the rotation of the number wheels in each column will be proportional to the size or magnitude of the number set in the machine in that column.

The totalizer unit 297 is again lifted out of operative engagement with gears 291 near the end of the return stroke of each operating cycle.. At this time, pin 9 2 latter rearwardly. This movement of shift arm 324 is translated into counter-clockwise pivotal movement f totalizer unit 297 through pawl 321, pin 318, arm 317, arms 311, 312 and tie rod 314.

A booster detent 339 cooperates with rocker assembly 318, 319 to yieldably maintain the totalizer frame in its limiting positions. Said detent is pivotally mounted on frame plate 63 and has a V-shaped bottom edge surface v,at the free end thereof which is biased by a spring 340 into continuous engagement with a roller 341 on the pin 318 (Figs. 3 and 10). When the unit 297 is in its limiting positions, one side or the other of said V-shaped surface engages said roller and exerts a yielding effort in the proper direction to hold the frame in that position.

`Detent 339 also functions to snap the frame into its limiting positions after the roller 341 passes beneath the point or crest of said V-shaped surface on the detent.

CARRY-OVER MECHANISM (Figs. 1, 12, 16, 17, 42 and 43) Whenever one of the number wheels 302 has made a 'complete revolution from a position in which 0 is visible in window 310, it becomes necessary to carry an `additional digit over into the next adjacent column to the left. For example, when the numeral 9 on the "right hand wheel 302 has reached window 310 and one is added thereto, the summation is 10, thus making it necessary to move the second (from the right) number wheel to l or to the next higher number for which it is then set. This result is obtained in the illustrated machine by novel means constituted by a very small .number of simply constructed parts in comparison to prior known means for accomplishing the same purpose.

In the form illustrated, said carry-over mechanism comprises a series of spring biased carry-over pawls 342 pivotally mounted on a tie-rod 343 on the inner frame plates 63 and 64. Each said pawl is formed from a thin piece of sheet metal bent to channel shape for bear- `ing purposes and has at its left end (Fig. 43) two angwardly and rearwardly extending notched arms 350 envgaged by pawl arms 344 when in normal position (Fig.

16). In the same longitudinal plane with notched arm 350, each locking member 348 has an upwardly extending arm 351 on which is mounted a pin 352 that extends laterally to the right (Fig. 43) into the slot of a downwardly extending forked arm 353 of a carry-over release pawl 354. There is a corresponding series of said release pawls pivotally mounted on a tie-rod 356 between gear frame plates 294, 295. Each release pawl 354 is `biased counterclockwise by a spring 357 and has a second arm 358 extending forwardly between adjacent gear assemblies 290, 291 in the same plane as the inner .end of forked arm 353 of the same pawl Release pawl arms 358 terminate with inverted V-shaped humps 359 -on the upper surfaces thereof immediately below number `wheels 302 for cooperation with the radially extending pins 304 on the number wheels. Each said pin is located between the numerals and 6 on the number wheel so that as the wheel moves counter-clockwise from 9 to 0 in window 310, pin 304 will engage hump 359 and cam the release pawl 354 in a clockwise direction (Fig. 42) against the efforts of a spring 357. Forked arm 353 of said pawl is thus swung to the left (Fig. 42) and pivots pawl lock 348 counter-clockwise to release stop pawl 342. The latter, when thus released, pivots cQlllteia zo clockwise under spring tension and frees the slide rack 201 which operates the adjacent number wheel to the left for additional forward movement. This additional forward movement of the rack is effected by spring 211 and the extent thereof, determined by the length of slots 210 in the slide rack 201, is just suicient to rotate the proper number wheel one tooth or one-tenth of a revolution and thus bring up the next higher number thereon in the window 310.

A pin 304 depresses and passes over a hump 359 in the same cycle of operation, so that any release pawl 354 and associated member 348 are returned immediately to normal position by a spring 357. Stop pawls 342 which have been released are reset to normal position during the operating stroke of the next cycle of operation after the slide racks 201 controlled thereby have been moved rearwardly by springs 223 into engagement with either pawls 220, 242 or a stop-pin 181 on the stoppin carriage 175. The illustrated means for effecting the resetting of pawls 342 comprises a bail 359 consisting of a cross-bar 360 and two bell crank end arms 361, 362 (Figs. 12 and 17) pivotally mounted on the ends of the tie-rod 343 outside the gear frame side plates 294, 295. Cross-bar 360 is engageable with pawl arms 345 and the upper ends of arms 361, 362 are pivotally connected to the links 363 of identical split or longitudinally extensible links 363, 364- at opposite sides of gear assembly 294, 295. Link 364 carries headed pins which slide in slots 366 of link 363 and the two links 363, 364 are yieldably held in non-extended or shortened relation by a spring 367 and link 364 is biased forwardly by a spring 368. The rear end of link 364 is guided and supported by a stud 369 that engages a slot 370 in the link. Downwardly projecting lugs 371 at the rear ends of links 364, are in the path of rack operating bar 142 so as to be engageable thereby during the last part of the rearward movement thereof. Rearward movement of links 363, 364 in this manner pivots crank arms 361, 363 in a clockwise direction, thereby lifting bail bar 360 in a clockwise are to reset stop pawls 342 to the position illustrated in Fig. 16 in readiness to stop the racks 201 on the return or forward movement thereof unless said pawls are tripped again for the purpose of effecting a carry-ever in the manner described.

PRINTING A TOTAL (Figs. 1, 2, 3, Il, 12, 16, 22, 29, 30, 35 and 40) The total or summation of the numbers put into the machine is continuously visually indicated by number wheels 302 through window 310. Novelly constructed and novelly operable means are provided for printing this total at the will of the operator and for simultaneously removing the summation from the number wheels in readiness for another computation. In the specific form shown, said means is under the control of a total key which is normally locked against depression by a laterally extending lug 376 thereon that overlies a fiat upper surface on key lock slide bar 377 (Fig. 30). The latter is guided and limited in its fore-and-aft movements by stationary pins 378 that are threaded into posts 152 in the keyboard frame and extend through slots in the slide bar. A spring 379 anchored on a pin 378 and connected to a pin 380 on the rear end of the slide bar 377 normally holds the latter in its foremost position (Fig. 30). Means to be next described are adapted to move the slide bar rearwardly to its mid-position (Fig. 29), and positively hold it against forward movement. ln this mid-position, lug 376 of the total key overlies the in clined upper surface of a locking tooth 381 on the slide bar. Thus, when the key is depressed, the slide bar is cammed rearwardly until lug 376 passes tooth 381, whereupon spring 379 snaps the bar 377 forwardly to cause tooth 381 to overlie lug 376 and lock the total key -in depressed position (Fig. 35

Movement of key lock slide bar 377 to thefrear is ef- 

